An Analysis of Shakespeares Sonnet 73 Essays -- Sonnet essays

An Analysis of Shakespeares Sonnet 73 Sonnet 73 by William Shakespeare is widely read and studied. But what is Shakespeare trying to separate? Though it seems there will not be a simple answer, for a better understanding of Shakespeares Sonnet 73, this essay offers an explication of the sonnet from The Norton Anthology of English books That time of year gigabyte mayst in me behold When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang Upon those boughs which shake against the cold, Bare ruined choirs, where late the seraphic birds sang. In me thou seest the twilight of such day As after sunset fadeth in the west Which by and by black night doth offspring away, Deaths second self that seals up all in rest. In me thou seest the growing of such fire, That on the ashes of his youth doth lie, As the deathbed whereon it must expire, Consumed with that it was nourished by. This thou perceivst, which makes thy love more strong, To love that well, which thou must leave ere long. ( 879) This sonnet rhymed abab cdcd efef gg form. Most of his sonnets were written in the 1590s at the height of the vogue, but they were not published until 1609. The first 126 are turn to to a young man the remainder (with the exception of the last two, which are conventional sonnets on Cupid) are addressed to an unknown Dark Lady. Whether or not Shakespeare laid bare his heart in his sonnets, as many critics have contended, they are his most personal poems. For understandi... ...ine 14). break in line 14 does not mean more than leave behind. Shakespeares Sonnet 73 well fills and fits the three quatrains and single couplet of the Elizabethan sonnet. We flowerpot be sure there is no doubt to believe that some of Shakespeares sonnets, like Sonnet 73, were well known and he was surely placed at the head of the dramatists and high among the non-dramatic poets. As Bender and Squier claimed (75), in the sixteenth century, Shakespeare is Englands greatest playwright and the best of the Elizabethan sonneteers. Works Cited Abrams, M. H., et al., The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Vol. 1. tender York Norton, 1986. Bender, Robert M., and Charles L. Squier, eds. The Sonnet An Anthology. New York Washington Square P, 1987. McAuley, James. Versification A Short Introduction. Michigan Michigan UP, 1985.

Egypt: The Gift Of The Nile :: essays research papers

The Nile, is the longest river in the world, and is located in northeastern Africa. Its principal source is Lake Victoria, in east central Africa. The Nile flows north through Uganda, Sudan, and Egypt to the Mediterranean Sea, with a total distance of 5584 km. From its remotest headstream in Burundi, the river is 6671 km long. The river basin covers an area of more than 3,349,000 sq km. Not only is the Nile considered a wonder by Herodotus, but by mint all over the world, due to its impotance to the growth of a civilization.The first great African civilization developed in the northern Nile Valley in around 5000 BC. Dependent on agriculture, this state, called Egypt, relied on the deluge of the Nile for irrigation and new soils. It dominated vast areas of northeastern Africa for millennia. Ruled by Egypt for about 1800 years, the Kush region of northern Sudan subjugated Egypt in the 8th century BC. Pyramids, temples, and other monuments of these civilizations blanket the river va lley in Egypt and northern Sudan.To Egypt, the Nile is seen as the fountain of life. Every year, between the months of June and October, the great rivers of the Nile rush north, and flood the highlands of Etiopia. The flooding surges of the land, and leaves behind water for the people, and fertile land, which can be used for agriculture. The impact the Nile has on Egypt during the ancient times and present are consierably apparent. The influence the Nile has is so extensive, that withal the speech is transposed. For example, "To go north" in the Egyption language is the same as, "to go down stream" "to go south" the same as "to go upstream." Also, the marches for a "foreign country" in Egypt would be used as "highland" or "desert", because the only mountains or deserts would be outlying(prenominal) away, and foreign to them. The Nile certainly had an exceptional influence on Egypts, both lifestyle and thinking.The Nile also forced a change on the political system and govern in Egypt. Because of the vast floods every year, the country needed a ruler that was capable of enforcing of the farmings and methods used. Such as the hoarding of the water and the stocking of the food harvested. Second, only a stongly cetralized administration could manafe the economy properly.

Lord Of The Flies - Discovery :: essays research papers

Lord Of Flies( The Importance of self-discovery)1Human should understand the importance of self-discovery. Inthe Lord of the Flies,Ralph, Simon and Samneric learned the weaknesses and darknesswithin the human hearts. People grows up when they faces achallenge. Ralph s challenge is how to be a good and responsibleleader. Simons challenge is how to speak at front of people. Samnerics challenge is how to make right choice. The accuracy aboutself-discovery may be cruel, but it is worth to learn from it.2Ralph is being a playful, innocent child in the beginning of thestory, but towards the end he matures significantly. ExcludingPiggy, Ralph is the most mature and responsible member of theboys, for he is concerned throughout the book with keeping thefire on the mountain going, and building shelter. " If a institutionalisecomes near the island they may not notice us. So we must makesmoke on top of the mountain. We must make a fire." pg,37Ralph always has the ardent belief that a ll the children will besaved from the island sooner or later, but at middle part of the storyhe begins to doubting it. At end of the story, after the death ofPiggy, Ralphs encounter with the Lord of the Flies, he knocksover the pigs skull. " A sick fear and rage sweep him. Fiercely hehit out at the filthy thing in front of him that bobbed like a toy andcame back, still grinning into his face, so that he lashed and criedout in loathing." pg206 Ralph realize the evil is part of him andjust as to other boys. However, he is the only person whoacknowledges the importance of being responsible, and he takesover as a true leader even though he is not necessarily good at it.  3Sam and Eric represents the crowd in modern society, just likeevery ordinary human. They are faithful and mostly good. Theycan be described as loyalist in the story. Their rule is to dishwhomever is the leader. For example when Jack says " Grab themNo one moved. Jack shouted angrily. I said " grab them" "Samneric finally give into his threats on their travel to move Rock.Later, then betray Ralph, by showing his hiding place to Jack. "Youre sure he meant in there? The twin moaned faintly and thensquealed again. " " He meant hed hide in there?" pg. 214 In thisway, Samneric symbolize the weakness of human nature. Theyhave lose any real sense of obedience to others.

An Analysis of Guests of the Nation :: Poetry Frank OConnor

The basic situation of the short story Guests of the Nation by Frank OConnor is a story of friendship and war between twain opposing sides, the Irish and British during war time. The two Englishmen, Belcher and Hawkins whom are prisoners of war and the Irishmen who are holding them captured engage in frequent card games, joke say and arguing altogether while the war seems worlds away. The conflict with in the short story is an internal conflict. The Irishmen are forced to forget about all earthly concern when dealing with the enemy during combat. This was extremely hard for the guards because all but Donovan had befriended the prisoners. It was stated that if any Irish prisoner was killed by the English, then Hawkins and Belcher would be executed. This was hard for both the guards and the prisoners because although they knew that Hawkins and Belcher would have nothing to do with executions elsewhere, they would be the target of punishment. As enemies, not by choice, the Iris h must enforce this because they are on the lower grasp of command. So in a way they are absolved from their feelings of guilt because they have a responsibleness to do so.I believe the crisis occurs when Donovan elasticity Hawkins. The crisis is the crook point of the action in the plot of the story. At this point, they all stood genuinely still watching him settle out in the last agony. The first shot did not work so the narrator, Bonaparte was to shoot him again. After this, Belcher began to laugh for the first time throughout the entire story and then began to talk excessively. I view this as the falling action immediately following the climax. It was as if he could not contain his emotions of what he had just witnessed.Theme plays a very important part in this short story. Theme is the idea of a literary work abstracted from its details of language, character and action. The great example of radix that is evident throughout the entire short story is the duty to pe rform certain acts. We can see here that the Irishman Donovan is very big on obeying his duty to carry out orders that have been authorized to him.

Saint Fancis Of Assisi :: essays research papers

Saint Fancis of Assisi Saint Francis was born in 1182, inAssisi Italy. His real name is Giovanni FrancescoBernardone, but his capture wanted him to be called Francis.He received very little education as a child, even though hisfather was a rich merchant. His father, Pietro di Bernardone,was a wealthy merchant, and his mothers name was Pica.Francis always dreamed about riding through the town as ahero. His father wanted Francis to learn about beingness a silkmerchant, but Francis wasnt interested. Later, the city helived in, Assissi, got into a battle with a neighboring city ofPerugia, and Francis fought in the battle. He bought fancyhorses, swords, and clothes to impress others. He wascaptured and put in jail for 1 year, and during this time hecame down with a severe illness. After he was released fromprison he decided to smorgasbord his life. Francis visited humanityyplaces, but lived in Assisi Italy. He had also lived in Mt.Subasio in 1208. There, during mass, he heard a voice saying to him three times to go out into the world and toposses nothing and do good everywhere. He then went tothe holy Land, but on his way his ship was wrecked so hehad to return back to Assisi. Then he went to Egypt were hewanted to convert the Sultan but had no success. He againtried to go to the Holy Land and this time succeeded. Helived there until 1220. During this time 5 other Franciscanbrothers were martyred. Francis too was willing to die forhis faith, but was spared. He returned to Assisi. St. Francishad many accomplishments in his life. He began his religiouslife after he survived his illness. He lived as a Hermit, andattracted followers. After that, he visited hospitals and gaveclothes to the ill. Sometimes he gave the homeless cashand food. One time when he was walking back from prison,an old beggar came up to him. The beggar asked Francis fora cloak. Francis thought for a while, he knew he had othercloak at home, but then he wondered if the old man wastrying to tri ck him. Francis decided to give the man his cloakand they traded cloaks. Francis said to the man that mine iswarmer than the one you have and I am not cold at allAnother act of kindness was when Francis was going to be aknight. His father got the best craftsman in Assisi to makehim an outfit, such as armor, a cape, and weapons.

Saint Fancis Of Assisi :: essays research papers

Saint Fancis of Assisi Saint Francis was born in 1182, inAssisi Italy. His real name is Giovanni FrancescoBernardone, besides his father wanted him to be called Francis.He received very little education as a child, even though hisfather was a fecund merchant. His father, Pietro di Bernardone,was a wealthy merchant, and his mothers name was Pica.Francis always dreamed about(predicate) riding through the town as ahero. His father wanted Francis to learn about being a silkmerchant, but Francis wasnt interested. Later, the city helived in, Assissi, got into a battle with a neighboring city ofPerugia, and Francis fought in the battle. He bought fancyhorses, swords, and clothes to scratch others. He wascaptured and put in jail for 1 year, and during this time hecame down with a severe illness. After he was released fromprison he decided to change his life. Francis visited many a(prenominal)places, but lived in Assisi Italy. He had also lived in Mt.Subasio in 1208. There, during mass , he heard a voicesaying to him three multiplication to go out into the world and toposses nothing and do good everywhere. He then went tothe Holy Land, but on his way his ship was wrecked so hehad to return back to Assisi. Then he went to Egypt were hewanted to convert the Sultan but had no success. He againtried to go to the Holy Land and this time succeeded. Helived there until 1220. During this time 5 other Franciscanbrothers were martyred. Francis too was willing to die forhis faith, but was spared. He returned to Assisi. St. Francishad many accomplishments in his life. He began his religiouslife after he survived his illness. He lived as a Hermit, andattracted followers. After that, he visited hospitals and gaveclothes to the ill. Sometimes he gave the homeless person moneyand food. One time when he was walking back from prison,an old beggar came up to him. The beggar asked Francis fora cloak. Francis thought for a while, he knew he had anothercloak at home, but then he wonder ed if the old man wastrying to trick him. Francis decided to give the man his cloakand they traded cloaks. Francis verbalise to the man that mine iswarmer than the one you have and I am not cold at allAnother act of kindness was when Francis was button to be aknight. His father got the best craftsman in Assisi to makehim an outfit, such as armor, a cape, and weapons.

Dust Bowl of the 1930s

The form cast of the 1930s had such an antagonistic effect on the United States economy that was already plummeting. The Dust Bowl affected the U. S economy in just ab protrude every way possible ranging from agriculture to finances including governing body expenses to existence changes. This phenomena can be considered as one of the worst natural disasters that has affected the United States. The Dust Bowl was the name given to the Great Plains region that was greatly affected by drought in the 1930s during the Great Depression. The major contribution that led to the Dust Bowl was overproduction of crops however there were any(prenominal) natural causes. Much of the soil there had been damaged by wind and rain. The soil in this area was subjected to water and wind damage because the protective stay of vegetation was impaired through poor farming and the grazing of too many an(prenominal) animals (World Book Encyclopedia). The overproduction was due in part to the fact that th e unsophisticated was in the midst of World War I. During World War I international demand for food crops like wheat and corn soared. Because of this farmers planted more than crops and took out loans to buy vote down and equipment. But after the war demand for farm products declined and crop prices fell by fifty percent (Danzer 651-652).In and struggle to make up for the falling prices, farmers tried to plant even more crops, but this only caused lower prices. As a result of these poor contribute management practices and lack of precipitation the land became arid. There was little grass and few trees to hold the soil down. When the wind storms hit, dust was blown all over, making it virtually impossible for farming. When farming in the Great Plains was no longer a way of making a living many of the inhabitants left the land behind and moved west to calcium in search of work. Plagued by dust storms and evictions, thousands of farmers and sharecroppers left their land behind.The y packed up their families and their few belongings and headed west, followers route 66 to California (Danzer 652). The term Okies was coined to describe the migrants from Oklahoma but was later used to describe all migrants. By the end of the 1930s, the population of California had grown by more than one million (Danzer 652). Those who remained in the drought regions were forced to endure severe dust storms and their health effects, diminished incomes, animal infestations, and the personal and emotional stress over their uncertain futures was unbearable (National Drought Mitigation Center, online).As the Great Depression wore on, the government took steps to intervene and try to give birth the nation. Led by the effort within the U. S. Department of Agriculture, newly created agencies like the Soil Conservation Service (SCS), the Resettlement presidentship (RA), and the Farm Security Administration (FSA) were the loudest to publicize and deplore the Dust Bowl wracking Americas heartland (Cunfer, online). Also led by the President Herbert Hoover and the United States Congress, the Federal Home Loan Bank coiffure was passed in 1933.This act lowered mortgage rates for homeowners and allowed farmers to refinance their farm loans and avoid foreclosure. Newly elected President Franklin Delano Roosevelt succeeded Hoover in 1932 during the ongoing Depression. FDR proposed many acts to try and resolve the national issues in his program titled the New Deal . One of his most recognized acts that directly assisted farmers was known as the Agricultural Adjustment Act. This act sought to raise crop prices by lowering production, which the government achieved by paying farmers to not grow (Danzer 667). A entropy program that was passed was the Civilian Conservation Corps.This program put young men to work to perform public jobs including planting trees and helping soil erosion. The United States government spent unprecedented amounts of money to recover from the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl. The magnitude of the droughts of the 1930s, combined with the Great Depression, led to unprecedented government relief efforts. congressional actions in 1934 alone accounted for relief expenditures of $525 million, the total cost would be impossible to determine (National Drought Mitigation Center, online). Despite all the negative effects of the Dust Bowl and the Great Depression there were a few positives.For one thing all the government sponsored programs provided jobs and a source of income for those who were unemployed. Also the Roosevelt era pronounced the beginning of large-scale aid. This also ushered in some of the first long-term, proactive programs to reduce future vulnerability to drought (National Drought Mitigation Center, online). The Dust Bowl was one of the worst natural disasters that has affected the United States. This disaster along with the Great Depression had negative influences on agriculture, state populations, and finances in cluding individual families and the government.However, in the face of all this commotion a few positive results occurred. People found jobs and a source of income and the government was able to bring the nation out of turmoil. Work Cited Danzer, Gerald A, et al. The Depression. The Americans. Boston McDougal Littell, 2000. 642-676. Print. Dust Bowl. The World Book Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. N. p. Field Enterprises, 1958. Print. 18 vols. Drought in the Dust Bowl Years. National Drought Mitigation Center, 2006. Web. 14 Nov. 2009. . Cunfer, Geoff. EH. Net Encyclopedia The Dust Bowl. N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 Nov. 2009. .

Contributions of Ancient Greece and Rome to the Western World Essay

While both roman type and Greek cultures greatly cultivated Western Civilization, Greeks contri notwithstandinged more to the western world than the Romans. The Greeks used their have got ideas and thought of new shipway to add to their culture, while the Romans or soly mixed and matched ideas from other civilizations and cultures to make their own. The Romans in standardised mannerk up the inheritance of the Greeks adapted it to their own language and national traditions. (Grant 2)The Greeks introduced many a(prenominal) an(prenominal) new ideas and traditions, the most important being democracy Athenian democracy in spokespersonicular.After the Dark Age, the population in Greece grew so quickly that soon, there were way too many free peasants. These peasants realized that nobody could stop them if they tried to make some changes because there was so many of them, so they insisted on having their voices heard by the brass. Their wish was granted, and democracy in its simp lest process became known. Now that the peasants had more freedom, some of them started to earn gameer wages, and soon were prosperous enough to purchase hoplite armor. (Hoplites made up the bulk of the army and fought on foot.)The peasants were too placing strong demands on the elite class, also known as the oligarchy. The schema of citizenship in Greece was established as a result, during the late 7th century BCE (Martin 82), and enabled the peasants to have more influence on their leaders and protection under the fair play. There were three kinds of citizens the rich, the hoplites, and the poor. Only males were citizens. All citizens could string up open meetings in the Assembly, elect archons (leaders) each year, and were protected under the law of nature.The peace of Greece had been slowly deteriorating, and in 621 BCE, it only got worse. The rich, elite class had been accumulating farmland from the poor farmers, who had to hold up and leave once a rich person took the ir land. A poor farmer had a hard time gaining wealthiness because any wealth they did gain would be in the form of surplus grain. Extra grain was not permanent, and could not be converted into m sensationy since coins were not invented yet. Then in 621 BCE, Draco was appointed to establish a code of laws to help bring stability by changing the situation. But his laws were so harsh that they only destabilized the heap more. Civil war threatened to break out until 594 BCE when the Athenians gave Solon power to revise Dracoslaws and deal with the crisis. His new laws steered a middle course (Martin 84) between the demands of the rich and the demands of the poor. He introduced the right of appeal to the Assembly, forbade the selling of Athenians into slavery, and sorted male citizens into four classes based on income. Overall, Solon helped to make democracy more peaceful.After a short period of tyranny, the democratic system was reinstalled and new rules were made yet again. Cleisthe nes organized villages in Athens into trittyes according to location, and each of the trittyes was divided into phylai, or tribes. He also started to keep track of which males were old enough to vote and join the Assembly, with the voting age at eighteen. The Assembly would choose fifty representatives by mickle from each tribe. Each representative would get to serve for one year on a council of five hundred men. Also, ten men were selected by officials with the highest soldiery authority to serve as strategoi, or generals, in the army. (Martin 88)Another reform was made after an earthquake near Sparta in 465 BCE created tension between Sparta and Athens, and a crisis in formal affairs took place. Athens sent military help to Sparta that was rejected in a complicated series of events.As a result, in 461 BCE, Ephialetes convinced(p) the Assembly to limit the influence of Areopagus the highest judicial and legislative council of antediluvian Athens that met on a hill west of the A cropolis. (Martin 110) A new judicial system was created with juries of males over thirty years old chosen by lot to serve for one year. Ostracism was also established. If the general public submitted over half dozen thousand ballots, the man who had his name on the most ballots was exiled for ten years. In general, democracy rested on the belief that the cumulative political wisdom of the majority of the voters would outweigh the eccentricity and irresponsibility of the few. (Martin 113)In addition to democracy, the Greeks most important contribution to Western civilization, many elements of modern culture are rooted in ancient Greece.Philosophers, peculiarly Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates impacted the way people thought about the world around them. Greek architecture is still commonly used today, as evidenced by our use of pillars and columns. The ancient Greeks also excelled in sculpting. They figured out how to make graceful, emotional, and realistic statues which needed no ad ditional support. Poetry,theatre, and drama also made up an important part of Greek culture. Some Greeks studied science, math, history, and their studies form the basis of many of to years theories. Science helped others understand a little more of these subjects. In Greece, as in todays world, science was based on observation, not myth, even though myths were considered an important part of life to every Greek. The Greeks are also considered to be the initiative people who recorded history only after consulting witnesses, forming the base of modern history.One exceptionally significant custom of the Greeks still observed today is the Olympics. These ancient games incorporated a concept of free athletic competition without bloodshed. If the Greeks were engaged in war at the time the Olympics were to take place, they would pause for three days and compete in many different events. At first, there were only a few competitions, but as the Olympics became more popular, additional spor ts were included. The four chief(prenominal) contests of the ancient Olympics were the long jump, the javelin throw, the discus throw, and wrestling. At one time, the Olympics were for male Greek citizens only, but today people of various nationalities, men and women, can take part in this unique Greek custom. The Olympics were also very different from the Roman sport games, such as gladiator fighting or the Roman form of wrestling, where humans and animals were killed.Even though Romans did use many ideas and designs from Greeks and other cultures, they also thought of their own. A considerable contribution of the Romans to the Western World is their system of government a Republic. Republic comes from the word respublica, which means a matter for the people. (Corbishley 15) Officers in the Republic included consuls, praetors, censors, quaestors, adiles, and the senate. Consuls had the same powers as a king, but unlike a king, they were elected each year by the citizens and had to serve in pairs. The praetors were the chief judges, the censors kept track of who could vote, the quaestors looked after the state finances, and the adiles were in charge of public works. The senate was a body made up of ex-officials that formed a parliament to discuss matters and advise the other officials. As in the Athenian democracy, only male citizens could vote, but the people of ancient capital of Italy were glad they had a republic, and theyhated the word rex, or king.The Romans excelled in literature, poetry, law, engineering, state organization, military training and organization, painting, sculpture, and architecture. They also had games in the amphitheater sports like chariot races, gladiator fights, fake battles in ships, and fights with wild animals.The Romans had a complex law system that was the foundation for Italian, German, French, and Spanish law. The Roman techniques of interpreting the law and their legal system of lawyers and judges were also incorporated in to many other cultures. There were three kinds of laws. Civil law was for Roman citizens only, and there were laws for those people who were not citizens, but lived in Roman provinces or on the outskirts of Roman towns. The third type of law was natural law, deciding between right and wrong. Civil law and the other laws could be created by the Assembly, praetors, senate, emperors, and jurists. They created many different laws. They made sure there was a variety of laws, to deal with every situation, and these multiple laws helped the kingdom of Rome run smoothly.The Romans were also great engineers. They paved roads wide enough for the whole army, built walls around their cities for protection, and even had apartment buildings. They also had aqueducts, built high above the ground to carry water to the cities. Arches, a very important Roman invention, helped the aqueducts to stand strong without collapsing. Arches were also used in buildings like the Coliseum, the Forum, and basilica s. more early churches were built using the plans of the Roman basilicas.Other buildings had vast domes. Roman engineers did not want these magnificent domes to collapse, either, so they thought of coffering as a solution. Coffering is also known as placing decorative, sunken panels in a ceiling to make it lighter. Romans added other things to buildings to make them more attractive, like fountains, pillars, and sculptures. The Roman civilization made many of their buildings out of brick and mortar, and even concrete. Engineering is, indeed, the most noticeable Roman influence on Western civilization, seen in many public buildings and even houses.Beyond arches and coffers, Roman people did not focus so much on the structure of their buildings as the facades and interiors. They combined Greek columns with fancy arches to make majestic entrances, and painted dainty pictures on walls of mythical characters and nature scenes. Roman sculptors copied Greek masterpieces, adding to the col lection of Greek works in existence. They learned how to sculpt faces more realistically and how to make reform portraits, and as a result made some pretty remarkable portrait busts of famous people. In addition, the Romans developed a continuous sculpture relief, something like a comic strip that wound around pillars, the most famous of which is known as Trajans column.Many great rulers governed Rome, including Trajan, and over time helped develop an passing organized empire. At one time, the Roman administration was split into four levels. Two emperors ruled over four prefectures, who in turn governed three or four vicars each. Each vicar presided over one diocese, and each diocese was split up into many provinces. Early Christians saw how organized this system of government was, that it was one of the reasons Rome was so powerful, and based their own leadership system on this Roman model.The Greeks and the Romans both contributed much to Western Civilization, but the Greeks see m to have contributed more. The Romans took many ideas from the Greeks and even copied sculptures and other artwork for their own houses and public places, so that much of what they had was Greek. Thus, without the Greeks, the Romans would not have been as impressive of a civilization. This quote best describes the influence of the Greeks and Romans on the world today we ourselves, whether we like it or not, are the heirs of the Greeks and Romans.In a thousand different ways, they are permanently and indestructibly woven into the fabric of our own existences. The Romans intertwined Greek culture with other cultures and added their ideas to make what they called their own culture. They then showed it to the rest of Europe through conquering the people, who adopted it and blended it into their civilizations. These civilizations developed into strong European societies, and eventually the ideas and traditions became known as Western civilization. So, really, it all started with the Gre eks.BibliographyCorbishley, Mike. Cultural Atlas for Young People Ancient Rome. in the buff York Facts on File, 1989.De Fabianis, Valeria Manferto, ed. Ancient Rome report of a Civilization that Ruled the World. New York Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 1996Grant, Michael. The Founders of the Western World A History of Greece and Rome. New York Charles Scribners Sons, Maxwell Macmillan Int., 1991Martin, Thomas R. Ancient Greece From Prehistoric to Hellenistic Times. New Haven, Eng. Yale University Press, 1996.Pomeroy, Sarah B., Stanley M. Burnstein, Walter Donlan, and Jennifer Tolbert Roberts. Ancient Greece A Political, Social, and Cultural History. New York Oxford University Press, 1999.Powell, Anton. Cultural Atlas for Young People Ancient Greece. New York Facts on File, 1989.

Corporal Punishment Should Be Reintroduced in Schools Essay

incarnate Punishment as described by the Collins Dictionary and Thesaurus is punishment of a physical nature, much(prenominal) as caning, flogging, or beating. As long as learners understand that bodied punishment is based on authority, not violence or Abuse, and discern that the authority is being used for legitimate purposes such as discipline, Respect, appropriate classroom behavior and maintaining high levels of learning, they can easily understand why it is something that their principal sum should be allowed to perform with Parental Consent.Nowadays, students control the classroom and disregard the teachers orders and authority. Authority the power or right to give orders, make decisions, and utilize obedience. Since students know that teachers cannot do anything more than send them out of class, teachers are left with an un-teachable classroom due to the distractions caused by nuisances in class. Students who are defiant or non-compliant can be the most challenging to t each. They frequently interrupt instruction, often do poorly academically, show disrespect and may show little motif to learn.If parents spare the rod at home and send an undisciplined churl to school, then its fair to say it becomes the responsibility of the school to instill discipline. If the parents and the school endure the child in this regard, then the resulting undisciplined child will learn the hard way about the consequences of unacceptable behavior later in life. incorporated punishment, unlike loss of privileges, such as having your mobile phone taken away, no Facebook activity or a firm lecture about your behavior, allows the child to draw a clear line on what is not acceptable behavior.In the UK, corporal punishment has been banned in schools for numerous years. By reintroducing corporal punishment, teachers will regain the respect and healthy order in the classroom that they should have had in the first place. It is also essential to make it clear to the student b eing punished the guidelines upon why they are receiving that punishment. . If criminals are punished for crimes, then students must also understand that there arepenalties for their actions.If you look at educational statistics and reports from the past to the present, violence and delinquency in schools were 200 to 300% lower than they are now according to the CDC ( meat for Disease Control), OJJDP (Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention) and NCES (National Center for Education Statistics). They show through extensive data children in schools during corporal punishment eras that students performed better, focused, less instances of delinquency and Respectful. In addition, there were also fewer put down incidents of students and teachers being accosted, assaulted, harassed and violated.Referenceshttp//www.collinsdictionary.comhttp//nces.ed.gov/programs/crimeindicators/crimeindicators2011/key.AspHttp//nces.Ed.Gov/programs/crimeindicators/crimeindicators2011/key.Aspht tp//www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/parents-back-corporal-punishment-in-schools-2355544.htmlHouse of Commons Corporal punishment lawful with parental consent HISTORY On 28 January 1997 the UK parliament debated reinstating Corporal Punishment in state schools, ten years after it was abolished. The move failed, but the debate is quite interesting.

Health care Lecture Essay

SummaryDr. Curtis spoken communication was one of healthc atomic number 18 and how it relates to his profession, chiropractic medicine. He too put on on health in general and medications. Dr. Curtis started rather quite abruptly with his self helping theories as to what he does as a profession and also what other medical fields are doing to help him become rich, yet keep the healthcare level of the United States down to the lower levels it has been hovering at for years. This may be in direct contradiction to the fact that even though the United States only has three percent of the worlds population, it still consumes more than half of the drugs produced in the world. What does this tell the reader? Dr. Curtis explained that a lot of these drugs are non needed, and in fact have actually hurt the patients.As proof, he stated some startling facts from the American Journal of Medicine and the New England Journal of Medicine, perhaps the two top most medical specific journals in the world. Some of these facts included that one hundred and sox megabyte people die either year from properly blackballd drugs. Per year, there are seven thousand medical errors resulting in someone dying. One point five million people have Introgenic diseases, or physician caused diseases. It is estimated that the United States as a entire is spending seventy seven billion dollars a year fixing these problems. These indeed are very troublesome statistics.Dr. Curtis also goes on to explain that the primer why the United States continues to spend excess amounts of money for drugs and procedures they do not need is because of mainly one thing, advertising. Billions of dollars are spent on advertising for drugs every year. Over one hundred and thirtytwo dollars were spent last years on advertising alone. Often companies give kickbacks like trips or bonuses to doctors that proscribe a certain number prescriptions of a specific drug. This practice, which should be illegal, is what i s known as Off Label Promoting. The United States populace continues to believe advertising of drugs. The advertisements siret tell the truth most of the measure.For example, twenty percent of antibiotic prescriptions are useless. What is bad is that when people take unneeded antibiotics, they raise their immunity to them, and they pull up stakes not work next time, or people will have to up the dosage to get it to work. This is extremely bad for health reasons, considering that if patients were to mix two or more drugs, there is an eighty eight percent change of adverse side effects, even more illness and injury.The Food and Drug regime Agency is not helping matters either. The practice of rushing promising drugs like Fen-Fen to the market with disclose proper timed tests has added to the health problems of the United States. Dr. Curtis is not saying do not go to the doctor, he is just saying to make sure you are doing the correct thing, which included getting second opinions, and doing your own research on drugs and what they can and cannot really do. Sometimes Doctors can not be trusted because of the one hundred and sixty drugs labeled by the FDA as do not use, people still proscribe them. With only a selection of twenty three out of those one hundred and sixty drugs, there are still one hundred million prescriptions being filled. These are drugs known to do harm, and they are still being prescribed. One must be vigilant in his own healthcare is the message of the day.ReflectionsAt first I didnt even know what Dr. Curtis was a doctor in, however due to time constraints I understand that the normal introduction and background speech has to be cut. I have listened to many doctors speak and public lecture, not nearly enough as professors and other professionals of course, but enough to know that normally there is at least five minutes of talking about oneself before the actual lecture begins. Also, he being young did not add to me actually listening to his opinions that well. However, Dr. Curtis did notgive many opinions and his statements were backed up quite well and document quite nicely as well. He obviously put in the needed time to prepare the lecture. Time constraints not only cut up his lecture, but also his speech pattern as well.Normally lectures should be flowing, his statements were extremely choppy. He states many things that were actually surprising to me. Not the fact of advertising, I already knew that, but I didnt realize the actual statistics of these healthcare problems, and that a lot were caused by those in the healthcare field. His renderings as to how his field fitted into his lecture were actually quite easy to understand. The fact that stress messes up your nervous system, which in turns messes up the rest of you, is basically what he was saying without stating his words verbatim.He explains that even though the United States is third best in the world in what we eat, we still have one of the lowest life expectancies. I enjoyed his explanation as to how posture really controls a lot of health problems. He explains that proper diet, mental attitude, exercise, a non-stressed nervous system, and plenty of rest and relaxation are the keys to keeping the body as self healing as it is designed to do. Overall I enjoyed the lecture and learned quite a lot out of it.

Friendship Between George and Lennie Essay

In the novel Of Mice and Men Steinbeck stresses the importance and abnormality of the knowledge between George and Lennie by using a variety of methods. They are finish up opposites, yet they share a journey through the struggles of The Great Depression as friends and have faith in the same(p) dream. This pulls them together through the roughly stressful parts of the novel. These two itinerant organiseers meet many people along their journey, but the bond between them doesnt weaken. Right from the beginning of the novel, Steinbeck has pictured the relationship between Lennie and George appears abnormal. Steinbeck uses dialogue as a method to show the father and son roles between Lennie and George, Look, George, look what I done. This suggests that Steinbeck wants to show Lennie as having the mind of a little boy when he says this, you think of when a son would say this to a father figure in this case George in order to get some kind of reaction.It is as if Lennie is trying to i mpress George. This is quite strange, between grown men of around the same age retention that Lennie is a fully grown man, but has the mind of a five year old. The author uses historical context as a method and tertiary person narration to allow other peoples views about George and Lennie to be expressed, I never seen one guy take so oftentimes trouble for another guy. This implies, that even form one of the first characters that George and Lennie come across, we al give get the impression that others think that Lennie and George have a weird friendship and an unlikely bond. A lot of the characters have a tone made to sound suspicious, which I think is purposely written in to the novel be John Steinbeck. People found it unusual because at the time of the Great Depression, no one had friends because e realone was in competition for the same jobs. The other characters noticed this and intellection that it was strange. John Steinbeck uses description as a method to emphasise the u nusual nature of the friendship between George and Lennie, Behind him walked hi opposite, a huge man, unformed of face, with large, pale eyeThis suggests that these two men completely contrast each other in looks, as well as state of mind. This makes you wonder why George sticks around Lennie, if he is according to the book, a handsome, smart man. They are opposites in everything, but love each other like brothers. George is very fit, healthy and ready to brace anything thrown at him, whereas Lennie is described as much more careless and in a world of his own. This shows contrasting personalities. From the start of the novel, Lennie is shown to be very childlike. John Steinbeck used metaphors as a method to show this, dabbed his big paw. A big paw is suggesting that Lennie has animalistic qualities, whether that is looks or behaviour I think it is both. Because of these animalistic qualities, I think that Lennie is immature and hard to handle.This makes the friendship between Lenni e and George seem strange because I think to myself why would George want to appease around Lennie? Even though Lennie could wind George up and test his patience, they stick by each other. Throughout the novel, Steinbeck uses foreshadowing as a method to represent how weird Lennie and Georges friendship is, He aint no good to you, Candy. Earlier in the story, Candys old dog was flavour dead by Carlson, because they pertinacious that he was of no use to anyone anymore. Candy then told George that it would be more comforting to know that he shot the dg himself. At the end of the novel, George shot Lennie and he pulled the trigger because he knew that Lennie didnt need to live anymore and would be better in heaven. George killed Lennie himself because he remembered what Candy told him about the dog. This is a completed example of the author using correlation. Also, at the start of the novel, they were on the run and if George hadnt shot Lennie, they would have to run again.This sh ows a cyclical occurrence. Steinbecks head about this friendship makes me realise that it would be extremely unusual to form a friendship during the Great Depression due to everyone fighting for jobs at the same ranches. However, Lennie and George did not compete, they stuck together and found jobs at the same ranch. Lennie treats George like a father and George needs Lennie as a companion. I think this is why they work so well together it is because they need each other. Their friendship reaches its ultimate test, when George has to choose whether or not to shoot Lennie, as self-sacrifice. However, everything that George does for Lennie is in Lennies outstrip interest. John Steinbeck makes the friendship seem unusual, but deep down, I think that it is really just natural for them to need a companion.

How Communication With Children And Young Essay

Children at varied ages require different levels of attention, younger churlren will need more support which would mean more physical support, as children get older they need help with explaining and discussing their thoughts and issues they may have. When talk of the town to different ages of children your expression will need to change as younger children wont comprehend you if you were to use big talking to, so small and simple words would need to be used, as children get older turning into young people your vocabulary would develop more. Children and young people who may have communicational difficulties would need a whole different approach in the government agency you talk to them and the way they may communicate back.Some children and young people may be shy and quiet which would effect the way you would communicate with them, you need to adapt and notice how different children and young people are and their own individual needs. Some children and young people have a s tammer or another typesetters case of speech disorder, when the child or young person are talking to you, you need to give them time to talk, never butt in to try and discern what they are saying you have to be patient and understand their speech disorder, if you try and rush them it will only make things worse as the child or young person will feel anxious and may find it harder to communicate with you.Working with children or young people who have peculiar(prenominal) educational needs, you may need additional training such as sign language or makaton to help with communication. Myself and the other staff use makaton in school, which is a big part of communication towards the pupils The reason why makaton is used within the environment of special needs is that it is made up of simple words and signs, makaton is used for all ages who have learning difficulties, sign language is used for the deaf and it has its own vocabulary which is why it wouldnt be appropriate for the differe nt age ranges who have learning difficulties it would be to hard tograsp.In my school the pupils use pecs book which are made up of pictures that they can connect to. The pecs books are all pictures and a i want picture so when they request something at snack some children will point to i want and then to what they have chosen to have for snack, but some children will only pick out what picture they want like a apple and they will put it into my hand, i will then respond by saying the childs name wants apple good talking followed by giving the child a piece of apple. Some children use these pecs books at home to help with communication. Picture symbols are shown and given to the pupils on every transition, if for instance we were going to PE there would be two picture symbols on a schedule they would be a picture of a classroom and of PE, this shows them that after PE it is back to the classroom. This is such a great way of communication.

What Did Charles George Gordon Do to Earn the View That He Was an Imperial Hero and Was It Justified?

What did Charles George Gordon do to earn the turn of all timeyplace that he was an Imperial Hero and was it justified? When discussing heroes the branch things that would grapple to mind are selfless individuals, they would tape a tremendous amount of bra precise in the memorial tablet of certain defeat and have the fortitude and determination to beat overwhelming odds. The dictionary definitions of heroes are a mythological or legendary practice often of divine descent endowed with great chroma and ability or a hu soldiery admired for his exercises and noble qualities.Charles George Gordon has gone rarify in tarradiddle as a an imperial hero, during this evidence I will ascertain what it was Charles Gordon did to earn this title and whether or non it was justified. Gordon was the son of a olympian Artillery officer and born in 1833. He was discover of a large family with atomic number 23 sisters and five br new(prenominal)s. It would be from one his sisters that Gordon would inspiration for his strong religious views as his tone went on. Gordon followed in his fathers footsteps and enlisted in the military, he joined the Royal Engineers as an officer.Gordon thrived in the Engineers with the nature of the work perfectly conform to to his personality they were posted all over the world twist bridges, siege work and buildings all over the world. One of his first postings was to Pembroke Dock in Wale, here Gordon reborn to Christianity. Although this wasnt the beginning of the Gospel disperseing Gordon we know today, he was still indifferent with regards to his religion he was not actively ranch the Christian word.By the time of his death, Gordon was a devout Christian, he did not alarm death for he genuinely entangle that death would lead him to a better place. By 1854 Gordon had rifle a very religious reality, a lot of the merchant ship be attri exactlyed to his older sister Augusta. He wrote to her often al intimately thanking her for her spiritual instruction whilst also keeping her updated with his religious journey You know I was never confirmed. When I was a cadet, I thought it was a useless sin as I did not intend to alter (not that it was in my power to be converted when I chose).I unless, took my first ordinance on Easter day, and have communed ever since. (Churchill, 2009, p95) I feel that his change in religious views last would have a huge pretend in how we was remembered and thought of. Religion was a huge explode of the Empire, although the main stimulants for pudding stone were to expand lands and sequester natural resources, there was an aspect that by colonising lands it would also spread the message of God. Civilise and educate the savages of opposed lands. At the height of the imperial age church plurality liked to argue that religion and the British conglomerate were inseparable- that the visible, commercial and political empire was woven into the model of another, invisible cou ntry- a spiritual empire (Carey, 2008, p1). Charles Gordon was given many different political roles at bottom the British Empire whilst serving in the army, however it is the Sudan that he is renowned for. In 1874 was appointed the full governor of the Sudan. In typical Gordon style he launched himself into his new role, paying particular attention to the curbing and fish fillet of the slave trade.This was the sort of impossible business that Gordon relished. Gordon despised the slave trade, and he wrote often about it, express his disgust frequently in his letters. I am a fool, I dare say, but I female genitalsnot see the sufferings of these peoples without tears in my look. . (2010, Moore-Hall) Alice Moore-Hall writes that despite his hero label, Gordon didnt successfully complete his objectives. Gordon basically brought the area under the control of Egypt, however Moore-Hall explains that this was only really the case when Gordon or his repre displaceatives were present in the region.He was extremely successful at diminution the slave trade within the Sudan, a somewhat demanding task considering the affect that it had on the parsimoniousness of the area. He did not however completely stop it, something that Moore-Hall attributes to the locals within Gordons expedition due to the union of peoples under his command partaking in the enterprises they were in fact aerated with stopping. The economic interest, political stability and kindly relations brought into capitulum by the slave trade do it a practice that even the likes of Gordon would break down to eradicate.So the question remains, was it his efforts in Sudan that brought him heroic status within the empire, it wasnt a finished job, there was no real glory or great British achievement within Gordons actions on his first trip to the Sudan, he wasnt even working for the British military at the time. Gordon left the Sudan in 1879 with the intention of becoming the Private Secretary to the Viceroy of India amongst other things such as visiting Palestine, south-central Africa and Ireland. None of the positions he undertook following the Sudan were of any great grandness mettlesomelighting the lack of trust in him from the British War Office.When looking at the roles which Gordon undertook, it is reasonable to question why it was exactly that he was the man sent to the Sudan when trouble was arising? The British Government, led by blend had viciously attacked Disraeli and the previous governments foreign policies, yet by 1882 an invasion of Egypt was sanctioned in order to protect the Suez Canal. This led to advertise involvement with the Sudan due to its ties with Egypt. A self proclaimed attraction of Muslims, intent on holy war and cleansing the Muslim religion had succeeded in uniting the miscellaneous groupings within the Sudan.The British government more than than than likely would have been happy with abandoning the Sudan, perhaps even Egypt. It is beli eved by Historians such as Michael Asher that Gladstone mat inclined to intervene in the Sudan due to his beliefs that the Sudanese were seek to be free. By the end of 1883, forces Officers, clergymen, Egyptian Experts and even Queen Victoria herself were lobbying for Government intervention, more importantly, for Gordon. Gladstone reportedly had an intense scorn for Gordon, he felt that he was both rash and irresponsible.The media and existence however did not feel the selfsame(prenominal) way. W T placement of the Pall Mall Gazzette wrote We cannot come out a regiment to Khartoum, but we can fling a man who on similar passel than an entire army. Why not send Chinese Gordon with full powers to Khartoum, to assume absolute control for the territory, to address with the Mahdi, to take over the garrisons , and do what he can to save what can be saved from the wreck of the Sudan? (Asher (2003) p4). This position was enthusiastically backed up Stead with their backing of G ordon.This wave of support pushed the government into acting quickly. This unrestricted support tells us that Gordon was held in high regard prior to his second visit to the Sudan. He had proved to the empire his skills, he held religion in extremely high regard and previous form tells us he achieved results. He gained an international news report as an effective commander of armed forces not as skilled as the British. Particularly in China, he was rewarded by both the Chinese and the British for his efforts in quashing a rebellion.Surely he was the perfect man for the job. By the December of 1883, the British had ordered the Egyptians to order their serviceman to retreat and abandon the Sudan along with civilians and families. Gordon was sent with the intention of assisting the plans for evacuation. Gordon arrived in February the following year and immediately began to void the women, children sick and wounded back to Egypt. It didnt take long for Mahdis forces closed in the Sud anese capital following astounding defeats of the Egyptian forces.By April the British Forces had all withdrawn from Garrisons in the Sudan effectively loss Gordon and his men abandoned. Gordon was not sent to the Sudan to fight down the Mahdi, far from it and when the news had travelled that Gordon was in Sudan, he receive little sympathy from the British Government. Gladstone did not act swiftly in move a rescue party. It is believed by historians such as Dennis Judd, that the delay in this relief party was down to the Governments lack of interest in pass money abroad and annoyance that Gordon had not done what he was asked.The government dragged and the public rallied. Public effect in the end was too strong for the government and in the end an order was given to relieve Gordon in Khartoum, unfortunately for Gordon, and the government, it was too late. In the early hours of January twenty-sixth 1885 Gordon was murdered by Mahdi forces. in that location were various account s of his death, varying in details. However the one that captured the straight-laced peoples imaginations. Gordon immaculately dressed fighting to the end.When addressing what it was that do Gordon the imperial hero he was is an interesting one, he was not your stereotypical Imperial hero. What he did do was heroically defend Khartoum, save thousands of women and children with his evacuation. For this it is fair that he is acclaimed a hero. But with regards to a hero of empire, it is harder to justify. He rallied against colonial rule, he didnt obey his orders with regards to the evacuation of Sudan and he severely undermined the British government of the time. however he captured the hearts of a nation and perhaps most importantly, a queen. Dear Miss Gordon How shall I write to you, or how shall I attempt to express what I feel To think of your dear, noble, heroic fellow who served his Country and his Queen so truly, so heroically (Churchill, S (2009) p112). this extract from a letter to Gordons sister captures not only the true thoughts of a queen, but perhaps a nation. Statues were erected and schools were named after him as well as books, journals and biographies written to celebrate a nations hero. In my opinion I find it very hard to describe Gordon as a hero of the empire.He was as a Christian Martyr foremost, he believed in honour, fairness and god before all else. His life was captured after his death and used to hike up jingoistic ideals, the hijackers in fact were the following government, Disraeli jumped aboard promoting an empire of Enlightenment was exactly what the country cute following the death of Gordon. However, despite the stories and support he received post-mortem the fact was he never conquered a single mile of land for the Queen, and spent the majority of his biography working for foreign governments and not in fact the British Army.He was a hero for his achievements, moral compute and was someone to look up to and drive to b e but he was not an imperial hero. Churchill, S (2009). General Gordon A Christian Hero. capital of the United Kingdom Trediton. Judd, D (1997). Empire. Great Britain Basicbooks. Pollock, J (1993). Gordon, The man behind the Legend. capital of the United Kingdom Constable. Asher, M (2003). Khartoum. 2nd ed. London Penquin. Carey, H (2008). Empires of Religion. New Zealand Macmillan. Moore-Hall, A (2010). Egypts Africa Empire Samuel Baker, Charles Gordon the Creation of Equatoria. Sussex Sussex Academic extinguishWhat Did Charles George Gordon Do to Earn the View That He Was an Imperial Hero and Was It Justified?What did Charles George Gordon do to earn the view that he was an Imperial Hero and was it justified? When discussing heroes the first things that would come to mind are selfless individuals, they would show a tremendous amount of bravery in the face of certain defeat and have the courage and determination to beat overwhelming odds. The dictionary definitions of heroes are a mythological or legendary figure often of divine descent endowed with great strength and ability or a man admired for his achievements and noble qualities.Charles George Gordon has gone down in history as a an imperial hero, during this essay I will ascertain what it was Charles Gordon did to earn this title and whether or not it was justified. Gordon was the son of a Royal Artillery officer and born in 1833. He was part of a large family with five sisters and five brothers. It would be from one his sisters that Gordon would inspiration for his strong religious views as his life went on. Gordon followed in his fathers footsteps and enlisted in the military, he joined the Royal Engineers as an officer.Gordon thrived in the Engineers with the nature of the work perfectly suited to his personality they were posted all over the world building bridges, siege work and buildings all over the world. One of his first postings was to Pembroke Dock in Wale, here Gordon converted to Christian ity. Although this wasnt the beginning of the Gospel spreading Gordon we know today, he was still indifferent with regards to his religion he was not actively spreading the Christian word.By the time of his death, Gordon was a devout Christian, he did not fear death for he genuinely felt that death would lead him to a better place. By 1854 Gordon had become a very religious man, a lot of the can be attributed to his older sister Augusta. He wrote to her often almost thanking her for her spiritual guidance whilst also keeping her updated with his religious journey You know I was never confirmed. When I was a cadet, I thought it was a useless sin as I did not intend to alter (not that it was in my power to be converted when I chose).I however, took my first sacrament on Easter day, and have communed ever since. (Churchill, 2009, p95) I feel that his change in religious views ultimately would have a huge affect in how we was remembered and thought of. Religion was a huge part of the Em pire, although the main stimulants for empire were to expand lands and capture natural resources, there was an aspect that by colonising lands it would also spread the message of God. Civilise and educate the savages of foreign lands. At the height of the imperial age church people liked to argue that religion and the British empire were inseparable- that the visible, commercial and political empire was woven into the fabric of another, invisible country- a spiritual empire (Carey, 2008, p1). Charles Gordon was given many different political roles within the British Empire whilst serving in the army, however it is the Sudan that he is renowned for. In 1874 was appointed the full Governor of the Sudan. In typical Gordon style he launched himself into his new role, paying particular attention to the curbing and stopping of the slave trade.This was the sort of impossible task that Gordon relished. Gordon despised the slave trade, and he wrote often about it, voicing his disgust frequen tly in his letters. I am a fool, I dare say, but I cannot see the sufferings of these peoples without tears in my eyes. . (2010, Moore-Hall) Alice Moore-Hall writes that despite his hero label, Gordon didnt successfully complete his objectives. Gordon essentially brought the area under the control of Egypt, however Moore-Hall explains that this was only really the case when Gordon or his representatives were present in the region.He was extremely successful at reducing the slave trade within the Sudan, a somewhat difficult task considering the affect that it had on the economy of the area. He did not however completely stop it, something that Moore-Hall attributes to the locals within Gordons expedition due to the participation of peoples under his command partaking in the enterprises they were in fact charged with stopping. The economic interest, political stability and social relations brought into question by the slave trade made it a practice that even the likes of Gordon would fail to eradicate.So the question remains, was it his efforts in Sudan that brought him heroic status within the empire, it wasnt a finished job, there was no real glory or great British achievement within Gordons actions on his first trip to the Sudan, he wasnt even working for the British military at the time. Gordon left the Sudan in 1879 with the intention of becoming the Private Secretary to the Viceroy of India amongst other things such as visiting Palestine, South Africa and Ireland. None of the positions he undertook following the Sudan were of any great importance highlighting the lack of trust in him from the British War Office.When looking at the roles which Gordon undertook, it is reasonable to question why it was exactly that he was the man sent to the Sudan when trouble was arising? The British Government, led by Gladstone had viciously attacked Disraeli and the previous governments foreign policies, yet by 1882 an invasion of Egypt was sanctioned in order to protect t he Suez Canal. This led to further involvement with the Sudan due to its ties with Egypt. A self proclaimed leader of Muslims, intent on holy war and cleansing the Muslim religion had succeeded in uniting the various groupings within the Sudan.The British government more than likely would have been happy with abandoning the Sudan, perhaps even Egypt. It is believed by Historians such as Michael Asher that Gladstone felt inclined to intervene in the Sudan due to his beliefs that the Sudanese were struggling to be free. By the end of 1883, Army Officers, clergymen, Egyptian Experts and even Queen Victoria herself were lobbying for Government intervention, more importantly, for Gordon. Gladstone reportedly had an intense dislike for Gordon, he felt that he was both rash and irresponsible.The media and public however did not feel the same way. W T Stead of the Pall Mall Gazzette wrote We cannot send a regiment to Khartoum, but we can send a man who on similar circumstances than an entir e army. Why not send Chinese Gordon with full powers to Khartoum, to assume absolute control for the territory, to treat with the Mahdi, to relieve the garrisons , and do what he can to save what can be saved from the wreck of the Sudan? (Asher (2003) p4). This attitude was enthusiastically backed up Stead with their backing of Gordon.This wave of support pushed the government into acting quickly. This public support tells us that Gordon was held in high regard prior to his second visit to the Sudan. He had proven to the empire his skills, he held religion in extremely high regard and previous form tells us he achieved results. He gained an international reputation as an effective commander of armed forces not as skilled as the British. Particularly in China, he was rewarded by both the Chinese and the British for his efforts in quashing a rebellion.Surely he was the perfect man for the job. By the December of 1883, the British had ordered the Egyptians to order their troops to ret reat and abandon the Sudan along with civilians and families. Gordon was sent with the intention of assisting the plans for evacuation. Gordon arrived in February the following year and immediately began to evacuate the women, children sick and wounded back to Egypt. It didnt take long for Mahdis forces closed in the Sudanese capital following astounding defeats of the Egyptian forces.By April the British Forces had all withdrawn from Garrisons in the Sudan effectively leaving Gordon and his men abandoned. Gordon was not sent to the Sudan to fight the Mahdi, far from it and when the news had travelled that Gordon was in Sudan, he received little sympathy from the British Government. Gladstone did not act swiftly in sending a rescue party. It is believed by historians such as Dennis Judd, that the delay in this relief party was down to the Governments lack of interest in spending money abroad and annoyance that Gordon had not done what he was asked.The government dragged and the publ ic rallied. Public Opinion in the end was too strong for the government and in the end an order was given to relieve Gordon in Khartoum, unfortunately for Gordon, and the government, it was too late. In the early hours of January 26th 1885 Gordon was murdered by Mahdi forces. There were various accounts of his death, varying in details. However the one that captured the Victorian peoples imaginations. Gordon immaculately dressed fighting to the end.When addressing what it was that made Gordon the imperial hero he was is an interesting one, he was not your stereotypical Imperial hero. What he did do was heroically defend Khartoum, save thousands of women and children with his evacuation. For this it is fair that he is acclaimed a hero. But with regards to a hero of empire, it is harder to justify. He rallied against colonial rule, he didnt obey his orders with regards to the evacuation of Sudan and he severely undermined the British government of the time. Yet he captured the hearts of a nation and perhaps most importantly, a queen. Dear Miss Gordon How shall I write to you, or how shall I attempt to express what I feel To think of your dear, noble, heroic Brother who served his Country and his Queen so truly, so heroically (Churchill, S (2009) p112). this extract from a letter to Gordons sister captures not only the true thoughts of a queen, but perhaps a nation. Statues were erected and schools were named after him as well as books, journals and biographies written to celebrate a nations hero. In my opinion I find it very hard to describe Gordon as a hero of the empire.He was as a Christian Martyr foremost, he believed in honour, fairness and god before all else. His life was captured after his death and used to promote jingoistic ideals, the hijackers in fact were the following government, Disraeli jumped aboard promoting an empire of Enlightenment was exactly what the country wanted following the death of Gordon. However, despite the stories and support he received post-mortem the fact was he never conquered a single mile of land for the Queen, and spent the majority of his career working for foreign governments and not in fact the British Army.He was a hero for his achievements, moral code and was someone to look up to and aspire to be but he was not an imperial hero. Churchill, S (2009). General Gordon A Christian Hero. London Trediton. Judd, D (1997). Empire. Great Britain Basicbooks. Pollock, J (1993). Gordon, The man behind the Legend. London Constable. Asher, M (2003). Khartoum. 2nd ed. London Penquin. Carey, H (2008). Empires of Religion. New Zealand Macmillan. Moore-Hall, A (2010). Egypts Africa Empire Samuel Baker, Charles Gordon the Creation of Equatoria. Sussex Sussex Academic Press